| Across the spine blocking |
Lines of type embossed to read horizontally across the back of covers |
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| All Along Sewing |
A continuous form of sewing along the centre folds of sections to build up the sewn book block |
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| Along the spine blocking |
A line of type embossed to read either down the back of covers from top to bottom or up the back from bottom to top |
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| Back |
Rear board and end of the book |
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| Backing |
Forming of the front and back pages and endpapers to form shoulder for hinging case |
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| Bleeding |
Occurs when text or graphic print has no margin and extends to cut edge of page |
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| Blind lines |
Decorative tooled lines without use of gold |
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| Book block |
Also known as text block being a mass of sewn or glued pages |
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| Buckram Cloth |
A woven and impregnated cotton cloth that is durable and waterproof used extensively for journals, newspapers, reference and local studies bindings |
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| Case |
Protective covers or binding of a book consisting of a front and back board and spine |
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| Cloth pocket |
Gussetted pocket mounted on to inside of front or back board to house maps or other inserts |
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| Collating |
The process of checking for completeness and correct pagination of a journal prior to sewing that may also include the removal of unwanted pages or replaciement of some pages |
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| Compensatory Stub Guards |
The addition before sewing or gluing of narrow strips of paper in the spine to allow for the addition of extra pages or inserted material without the danger of distorting the spine |
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| Conservation |
Art of stabilising existing original material as far as possible |
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| Dry Cleaning |
The process of cleaning paper of dust, grime and dirt without affecting the images or printing inks |
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| Dust jacket |
Original artwork printed and wrapped loose around binding |
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| Encapsulation |
Sandwiching document between two layers of protective material |
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| Endpapers |
Blank sheets of folded paper at the front and rear of volumes to form union of book block with case |
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| Flyleaf |
The free part of a folded endpaper - usually forming the first page of a volume |
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| Folio |
The folded spread of a section to form two leaves or four paginated pages |
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| Foredge |
Front leading open edge of the leaves. Pronounced "forrege" |
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| Fox marks |
Dark stains resulting from the ageing process of paper or inks containing impurities that cause a chemical reaction with the atmosphere |
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| Front |
Upper-most board and beginning of the book |
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| Full binding |
Case is covered in one piece of covering material |
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| Gilt edges |
Top, bottom or all round gold burnished on edges of book block for decoration |
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| Gold lines |
Decorative tooled lines with use of gold |
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| Grain |
The fibres making up paper and board whose direction should always be lying the same way running from head to tail in a bound book to avoid warping of boards and cockling of paper |
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| Gutter |
Margin between spine and text on a page |
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| Half binding |
Spine and board corners covered in matching material but boards are covered in contrasting material |
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| Head and tail |
Top and base of the book |
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| Head and tail lines |
Single or double gold or blind lines tooled near to the top and bottom edges of the spine |
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| Head cords |
Strengthening cord let in to the top and bottom of the spine of the case beneath the covering material |
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| Headbands |
Decorative striped feature added to protrude from the top and tail of the spine |
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| Joint |
Hinged joint between case and book block formed by a groove where the board is set at a distance from the spine to enable full opening of book without stressing the binding |
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| Leather label |
Title piece of additional leather lettered with title, author and volume number mounted on to spine of case |
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| Margins |
Blank area of pages surrounding edge of text |
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| Oversewing |
Also known as overcasting - a method of sewing deriving from the name of the semi-automated machine) producing a robust form of leaf attachment |
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| Page |
Individual leaf of a book |
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| Pastedown |
The fixed part of endpapers pasted on to inside of boards to form union between case and book in a casebound book |
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| Patch |
Repair to missing part of paper or board covering material to make whole again |
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| Perfect Binding |
Quite different from the publishers use of the word "Perfect" where a hot melt adhesive is used, this describes our milling/notching and double fan application of cold emulsion adhesive to the spine of a book |
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| Preservation |
Generic term for preserving the intellectual content for posterity which may include conservation treatments |
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| PVA |
Polyvinyl adhesive used extensively in non-craft bookbinding with the advantage that when it dries it remains flexible and malleable |
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| Quarter binding |
Spine of the case is covered in contrasting material to that of the boards |
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| Raised bands |
Real or artificial mounds or ridges under spine of case covering or simulating sewing cords to help panel the appearance of the spine |
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| Rebacking |
New spine is incorporated in to the case but retaining the original boards |
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| Recase |
Rebind and repair of book retaining and re-using the original case |
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| Recto |
Any right hand facing paginated page of a book |
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| Remount boards or covers |
Original front and/or rear board covering materials mounted over new boards of a rebound or rebacked book |
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| Remount spine |
Original spine is mounted over a new spine of a rebacked or rebound book |
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| Restoration |
Retaining as much of the original binding materials as possible in the restored binding |
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| Rounding |
Convex/concave shape of spine and foredge of book created during the binding process |
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| Rubbing |
Record of how a book or journal is bound and lettered used for future matching purposes |
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| Section |
Also known as a gathering or signature - sections consist of folded group of pages to be sewn through the centre folds |
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| Shoulder |
Raised profile of front and back spine area to form hinge with case |
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| Sleeve |
Clear plastic loose covering to protect dust jacket |
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| Spine |
Back part of book or case incorporating leaf attachment (sewing threads or adhesive) |
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| Square |
Overlap area of case exposed around pages |
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| Tail |
The bottome edge of a book |
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| Tail band |
Decorative coloured strip, hand sewn or artificial, found at top of book spine |
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| Trimming |
Cleaning of page edges by cutting off using hand or powered guillotine |
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| Unsewn or perfect binding |
Method of leaf attachment without using sewing threads - usually a cold PVA applied by brush using the double-fan hand application method |
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| Verso |
Any left hand facing paginated page of a book |
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